Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fluoroscopic balloon dilatation (FBD) in infants and children with esophageal stricture (ES) following repair of esophageal atresia (EA). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 72 children (M:F=50:22) with diagnosed ES and who required FBD therapy from July 2006 to June 2016 in our hospital. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia using fluoroscopic guidance. Outcome parameters, including the characteristics of patients and ES, number of dilations, clinical effectiveness, response to dilations, and complications such as esophageal perforation were analyzed. Results: A total of 420 FBD sessions (median, 6 dilations per patient; range, 3-18 dilations) were performed in 72 patients. The mean age at first FBD was 3.7 years (range, 0.1-7.5 years). The balloon catheter diameters ranged from 10 to 20 mm. During the mean 11.3-month follow-up period (range 6-18 months), FBD treatment was effective in 67 of 72 (93.1%) patients: 25 (37.3%) after three dilations and 42 (62.7%) after multiple dilations. Five patients (6.9%) required further dilations. Two patients underwent surgery, and three underwent stent placement. No esophageal perforations occurred after FBDs. No deaths occurred. Conclusion: Our experience on the therapy of ES indicates that fluoroscopically guided esophageal balloon dilatation is a feasible and acceptably safe and effective procedure in the management of ES following EA repair.