印度尼西亚咖啡简介
更新时间：2016/11/10 10:08:26
Coffee was not a native plant to the archipelago. In the 17th century, when Indonesia was still under Dutch occupation, the VOC brought Arabica coffee plants to Indonesia. They were interested in growing the plants and sought to break the worldwide Arab monopoly on the coffee trade. The growth of coffee plantations was responsible for the development of a lot of infrastructure in Central Java during the turn of the 19th century. Roads and railways were needed to transport the coffee beans from the island interior to the ports where the coffee was loaded on ships and exported.Prior to World War Two, Central Java, in particular, had a very strong rail transportation system that brought coffee, sugar, pepper, tea and tobacco out of the province to the port city of Semarang.
Near the turn of the 19th century，a huge portion of the coffee plants in Indonesia, as well as Sri Lanka and Malaysia, contracted coffee rust. Coffee rust spread very quickly and wiped out entire plantations, devastating the colonial Indonesian coffee industry. The Dutch responded to the coffee rust by importing and planting Liberica coffee. This variety had a short-lived popularity and was also affected by disease. The Dutch colonial government then opted for the more resistant Robusta variety to replant the affected plantations. Robusta still makes up around 90% of the coffee crop in Indonesia today.
17世纪，在荷兰殖民统治时期，荷兰东印度公司将小粒种咖啡引入印度尼西亚。荷兰人对种植小粒种咖啡非常感兴趣，并力图打破阿拉伯人对咖啡贸易的垄断。19世纪中爪哇省大量基础设施的建设使咖啡种植扩大。咖啡豆从中部岛屿由公路和铁路运输到港口，后咖啡豆装船出口。19世纪印度尼西亚、斯里兰卡和马来西亚种植了大量的咖啡，且都被咖啡锈病侵袭。咖啡锈病快速蔓延到整个咖啡种植地区，摧毁了印度尼西亚咖啡产业。荷兰人快速的引进了利比里亚咖啡（大粒种咖啡）。这个种短暂的流行过后，同样被咖啡锈病摧毁。荷兰殖民政府随后又引进了更抗锈病的罗伯斯塔种（中粒种咖啡），将受到侵袭地区的咖啡替换种植。在今天的印度尼西亚，罗布斯塔咖啡仍然占有90%的产量。
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李功勤：13888434848
0871-65369550
邮箱： ligongqin01@163.com ;
曹有旺：13578267163
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